Share of CO₂ emissions covered by a carbon price by country

Carbon dioxide emissions are included in this figure if they are covered by a carbon tax or trading system.

Countries reporting
196
Highest
90.2%
Denmark
Lowest
0.0%
Vatican
Median
0.0%
Years covered
37
1989–2025
Data points
7,400

What the numbers show

Share of CO₂ emissions covered by a carbon price is currently reported for 196 countries. The highest value is 90.2% in Denmark; the lowest is 0.0% in Vatican.

The median across all reporting countries is 0.0%, and the mean is 13.3%.

Over the past decade 16 countries rose and 22 fell. The largest increase was in China (up 581.7%), and the largest decrease in Latvia (down 26.6%).

Share of CO₂ emissions covered by a carbon price: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
3 Denmark 90.2% 2025 up 1.3% rising
4 Portugal 90.1% 2025 up 0.8% volatile
5 Germany 87.7% 2025 up 68.9% volatile
6 Finland 87.2% 2025 up 0.1% rising
7 South Africa 86.6% 2025 volatile
8 Uruguay 86.5% 2025 volatile
9 New Zealand 86.1% 2025 up 5.4% volatile
10 France 85.4% 2025 down 0.4% volatile
11 South Korea 82.1% 2025 up 20.0% volatile
12 Austria 80.8% 2025 up 130.6% volatile
13 Mexico 80.3% 2025 up 39.7% volatile
14 Sweden 78.8% 2025 down 6.5% rising
15 Albania 77.9% 2025 up 0.5% volatile
16 Norway 74.4% 2025 up 12.7% rising
17 Bulgaria 67.6% 2025 down 3.8% volatile
18 Japan 67.1% 2025 up 1.8% volatile
19 Singapore 64.0% 2025 volatile
20 Cyprus 64.0% 2025 down 0.7% volatile
21 Australia 63.9% 2025 volatile
22 Czechia 60.1% 2025 down 2.9% volatile
23 Ukraine 58.9% 2025 down 23.1% volatile
24 Greece 56.9% 2025 down 8.1% volatile
25 Kazakhstan 56.2% 2025 up 2.6% volatile
27 Slovenia 50.7% 2025 down 9.6% rising
28 Poland 50.4% 2025 down 7.4% volatile
29 Chile 49.3% 2025 volatile
30 Iceland 49.2% 2025 down 10.4% volatile
31 Netherlands 48.1% 2025 down 8.0% volatile
32 Slovakia 47.6% 2025 down 12.8% volatile
33 China 46.7% 2025 up 581.7% volatile
34 Spain 44.6% 2025 down 11.5% volatile
35 Romania 43.5% 2025 down 22.3% volatile
36 Croatia 43.2% 2025 down 1.6% volatile
37 Switzerland 42.5% 2025 down 8.2% volatile
38 Argentina 42.4% 2025 volatile
39 Italy 41.3% 2025 down 1.4% volatile
40 Estonia 40.3% 2025 down 13.7% volatile
41 Canada 37.8% 2025 up 242.5% volatile
42 Belgium 36.2% 2025 up 2.5% volatile
43 Hungary 33.3% 2025 down 16.5% volatile
44 United Kingdom 32.6% 2025 down 20.8% volatile
45 Lithuania 28.6% 2025 down 15.3% volatile
46 Latvia 23.6% 2025 down 26.6% volatile
47 Colombia 20.3% 2025 volatile
48 Indonesia 20.2% 2025 volatile
49 United States 9.1% 2025 up 22.5% volatile
50 Afghanistan 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Angola 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Andorra 0.0% 2025 flat
50 United Arab Emirates 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Armenia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Antigua and Barbuda 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Azerbaijan 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Burundi 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Benin 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Burkina Faso 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Bangladesh 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Bahrain 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Bahamas 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Belarus 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Belize 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Bolivia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Brazil 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Barbados 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Brunei 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Bhutan 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Botswana 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Central African Republic 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Cote d'Ivoire 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Cameroon 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Democratic Republic of Congo 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Congo 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Comoros 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Cape Verde 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Costa Rica 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Cuba 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Djibouti 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Dominica 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Dominican Republic 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Algeria 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Ecuador 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Egypt 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Eritrea 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Ethiopia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Fiji 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Micronesia (country) 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Gabon 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Georgia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Ghana 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Guinea 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Gambia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Guinea-Bissau 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Equatorial Guinea 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Grenada 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Guatemala 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Guyana 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Hong Kong 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Honduras 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Haiti 0.0% 2025 flat
50 India 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Iran 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Iraq 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Israel 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Jamaica 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Jordan 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Kenya 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Kyrgyzstan 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Cambodia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Kiribati 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Kuwait 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Laos 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Lebanon 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Liberia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Libya 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Saint Lucia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Sri Lanka 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Lesotho 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Macao 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Morocco 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Monaco 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Moldova 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Madagascar 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Maldives 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Marshall Islands 0.0% 2025 flat
50 North Macedonia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Mali 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Myanmar 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Montenegro 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Mongolia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Mozambique 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Mauritania 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Mauritius 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Malawi 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Malaysia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Namibia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Niger 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Nigeria 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Nicaragua 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Nepal 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Nauru 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Oman 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Pakistan 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Panama 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Peru 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Philippines 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Palau 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Papua New Guinea 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Puerto Rico 0.0% 2025 flat
50 North Korea 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Paraguay 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Palestine 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Qatar 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Russia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Rwanda 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Saudi Arabia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Sudan 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Senegal 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Solomon Islands 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Sierra Leone 0.0% 2025 flat
50 El Salvador 0.0% 2025 flat
50 San Marino 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Somalia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Serbia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 South Sudan 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Sao Tome and Principe 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Suriname 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Eswatini 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Seychelles 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Syria 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Chad 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Togo 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Thailand 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Tajikistan 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Turkmenistan 0.0% 2025 flat
50 East Timor 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Tonga 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Trinidad and Tobago 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Tunisia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Turkey 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Tuvalu 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Tanzania 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Uganda 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Uzbekistan 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Venezuela 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Vietnam 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Vanuatu 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Samoa 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Yemen 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Zambia 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Zimbabwe 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Taiwan 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Western Sahara 0.0% 2025 flat
50 Vatican 0.0% 2025 flat

About this data

Indicator
Share of CO₂ emissions covered by a carbon price
Unit
%
Source
Dolphin and Merkle (2024) – with minor processing by Our World in Data
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)
Coverage
200 places, 7,400 data points, 1989–2025
Last refreshed

Carbon dioxide emissions are included in this figure if they are covered by a carbon tax or trading system.