Share of CO₂ emissions covered by a carbon price by country
Carbon dioxide emissions are included in this figure if they are covered by a carbon tax or trading system.
Countries reporting
49
Highest
94.5%
Luxembourg
Lowest
9.1%
United States
Median
56.2%
Years covered
37
1989–2025
Data points
7,400
What the numbers show
Share of CO₂ emissions covered by a carbon price is currently reported for 49 countries. The highest value is 94.5% in Luxembourg; the lowest is 9.1% in United States.
The median across all reporting countries is 56.2%, and the mean is 58.3%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 10.
Over the past decade 18 countries rose and 23 fell. The largest increase was in China (up 581.7%), and the largest decrease in Latvia (down 26.6%).
Share of CO₂ emissions covered by a carbon price: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Luxembourg | 94.5% | 2025 | up 434.7% | volatile |
| 2 | Ireland | 92.0% | 2025 | up 1.2% | volatile |
| 3 | Denmark | 90.2% | 2025 | up 1.3% | rising |
| 4 | Portugal | 90.1% | 2025 | up 0.8% | volatile |
| 5 | Germany | 87.7% | 2025 | up 68.9% | volatile |
| 6 | Finland | 87.2% | 2025 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 7 | South Africa | 86.6% | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 8 | Uruguay | 86.5% | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 9 | New Zealand | 86.1% | 2025 | up 5.4% | volatile |
| 10 | France | 85.4% | 2025 | down 0.4% | volatile |
| 11 | South Korea | 82.1% | 2025 | up 20.0% | volatile |
| 12 | Austria | 80.8% | 2025 | up 130.6% | volatile |
| 13 | Mexico | 80.3% | 2025 | up 39.7% | volatile |
| 14 | Sweden | 78.8% | 2025 | down 6.5% | rising |
| 15 | Albania | 77.9% | 2025 | up 0.5% | volatile |
| 16 | Norway | 74.4% | 2025 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 17 | Bulgaria | 67.6% | 2025 | down 3.8% | volatile |
| 18 | Japan | 67.1% | 2025 | up 1.8% | volatile |
| 19 | Singapore | 64.0% | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 20 | Cyprus | 64.0% | 2025 | down 0.7% | volatile |
| 21 | Australia | 63.9% | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 22 | Czechia | 60.1% | 2025 | down 2.9% | volatile |
| 23 | Ukraine | 58.9% | 2025 | down 23.1% | volatile |
| 24 | Greece | 56.9% | 2025 | down 8.1% | volatile |
| 25 | Kazakhstan | 56.2% | 2025 | up 2.6% | volatile |
| 26 | Malta | 53.6% | 2025 | down 1.9% | volatile |
| 27 | Slovenia | 50.7% | 2025 | down 9.6% | rising |
| 28 | Poland | 50.4% | 2025 | down 7.4% | volatile |
| 29 | Chile | 49.3% | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 30 | Iceland | 49.2% | 2025 | down 10.4% | volatile |
| 31 | Netherlands | 48.1% | 2025 | down 8.0% | volatile |
| 32 | Slovakia | 47.6% | 2025 | down 12.8% | volatile |
| 33 | China | 46.7% | 2025 | up 581.7% | volatile |
| 34 | Spain | 44.6% | 2025 | down 11.5% | volatile |
| 35 | Romania | 43.5% | 2025 | down 22.3% | volatile |
| 36 | Croatia | 43.2% | 2025 | down 1.6% | volatile |
| 37 | Switzerland | 42.5% | 2025 | down 8.2% | volatile |
| 38 | Argentina | 42.4% | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 39 | Italy | 41.3% | 2025 | down 1.4% | volatile |
| 40 | Estonia | 40.3% | 2025 | down 13.7% | volatile |
| 41 | Canada | 37.8% | 2025 | up 242.5% | volatile |
| 42 | Belgium | 36.2% | 2025 | up 2.5% | volatile |
| 43 | Hungary | 33.3% | 2025 | down 16.5% | volatile |
| 44 | United Kingdom | 32.6% | 2025 | down 20.8% | volatile |
| 45 | Lithuania | 28.6% | 2025 | down 15.3% | volatile |
| 46 | Latvia | 23.6% | 2025 | down 26.6% | volatile |
| 47 | Colombia | 20.3% | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 48 | Indonesia | 20.2% | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 49 | United States | 9.1% | 2025 | up 22.5% | volatile |
About this data
Carbon dioxide emissions are included in this figure if they are covered by a carbon tax or trading system.