CO₂ emissions embedded in trade by country

Annual net carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions embedded in trade, measured in tonnes.

Countries reporting
117
Highest
513.25 million tonnes
United States
Lowest
-1.31 billion tonnes
China
Median
5.33 million tonnes
Years covered
34
1990–2023
Data points
4,063

What the numbers show

CO₂ emissions embedded in trade is currently reported for 117 countries. The highest value is 513.25 million tonnes in United States; the lowest is -1.31 billion tonnes in China.

The median across all reporting countries is 5.33 million tonnes, and the mean is 301,505 tonnes.

Over the past decade 64 countries rose and 53 fell. The largest increase was in Rwanda (up 42,252.7%), and the largest decrease in Mongolia (down 3,896.6%).

CO₂ emissions embedded in trade: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 United States 513.25 million tonnes 2023 up 212.4% volatile
2 United Kingdom 179.27 million tonnes 2023 up 21.8% rising
3 Germany 174.72 million tonnes 2023 up 78.6% falling
4 Japan 155.39 million tonnes 2023 down 11.3% falling
5 France 137.10 million tonnes 2023 up 11.1% rising
6 Singapore 135.86 million tonnes 2023 down 30.3% volatile
7 South Korea 119.69 million tonnes 2023 up 240.3% rising
8 Italy 116.72 million tonnes 2023 down 2.1% flat
9 Belgium 111.90 million tonnes 2023 up 7.7% volatile
10 Hong Kong 111.21 million tonnes 2023 up 3.1% rising
11 Mexico 106.72 million tonnes 2023 up 13.3% volatile
12 Switzerland 86.35 million tonnes 2023 down 21.5% rising
13 Bangladesh 63.33 million tonnes 2023 up 9,654.4% volatile
14 Philippines 50.61 million tonnes 2023 up 43.4% volatile
15 Spain 45.15 million tonnes 2023 down 23.5% rising
16 Thailand 40.83 million tonnes 2023 up 29.8% volatile
17 United Arab Emirates 37.64 million tonnes 2023 down 15.2% volatile
18 Pakistan 33.25 million tonnes 2023 up 93.4% volatile
19 Netherlands 33.13 million tonnes 2023 up 145.3% volatile
20 Israel 32.94 million tonnes 2023 up 53.5% rising
21 Nepal 28.93 million tonnes 2023 up 3,512.0% volatile
22 Taiwan 27.68 million tonnes 2023 up 125.3% volatile
23 Sri Lanka 27.27 million tonnes 2023 up 40.5% volatile
24 Ukraine 26.98 million tonnes 2023 up 159.0% volatile
25 Sweden 25.01 million tonnes 2023 down 8.7% falling
26 Denmark 20.64 million tonnes 2023 up 38.2% rising
27 Austria 19.56 million tonnes 2023 down 16.4% falling
28 Cambodia 17.65 million tonnes 2023 up 13.9% volatile
29 Czechia 16.79 million tonnes 2023 up 389.7% volatile
30 Hungary 16.38 million tonnes 2023 up 2.5% flat
31 Finland 15.66 million tonnes 2023 down 0.5% falling
32 Greece 15.20 million tonnes 2023 up 570.5% volatile
33 Colombia 14.47 million tonnes 2023 down 19.4% volatile
34 Kenya 13.79 million tonnes 2023 up 7.3% volatile
35 Peru 12.82 million tonnes 2023 down 20.6% volatile
37 Chile 10.55 million tonnes 2023 down 3.4% volatile
38 Romania 10.39 million tonnes 2023 up 835.0% volatile
39 Malaysia 10.21 million tonnes 2023 up 9.0% volatile
40 Portugal 9.84 million tonnes 2023 up 250.3% volatile
41 New Zealand 9.84 million tonnes 2023 up 81.5% volatile
42 Jordan 8.70 million tonnes 2023 down 35.4% rising
43 Dominican Republic 8.61 million tonnes 2023 down 66.2% volatile
44 Kyrgyzstan 8.05 million tonnes 2023 up 9.4% volatile
45 Lithuania 8.01 million tonnes 2023 up 8.7% volatile
46 Slovenia 7.72 million tonnes 2023 up 186.0% flat
48 Botswana 7.26 million tonnes 2023 up 8.8% volatile
49 Argentina 7.26 million tonnes 2023 down 49.0% volatile
50 Belarus 6.81 million tonnes 2023 up 27.8% volatile
51 Latvia 6.77 million tonnes 2023 up 26.2% rising
52 Panama 6.51 million tonnes 2023 up 184.5% volatile
53 Ghana 6.24 million tonnes 2023 down 31.4% volatile
54 Costa Rica 6.22 million tonnes 2023 up 9.6% rising
55 Namibia 6.20 million tonnes 2023 down 4.2% volatile
56 Togo 5.98 million tonnes 2023 up 1,449.6% volatile
57 Guatemala 5.71 million tonnes 2023 up 372.4% volatile
58 Ethiopia 5.68 million tonnes 2023 up 455.7% volatile
59 Paraguay 5.48 million tonnes 2023 up 16.8% volatile
60 Tanzania 5.48 million tonnes 2023 down 35.4% volatile
61 Mozambique 5.33 million tonnes 2023 down 53.5% volatile
62 Croatia 5.24 million tonnes 2023 down 7.6% volatile
63 Senegal 4.95 million tonnes 2023 up 62.0% volatile
64 Ecuador 4.30 million tonnes 2023 down 3.8% volatile
65 Slovakia 4.27 million tonnes 2023 down 1.8% volatile
66 Nigeria 3.91 million tonnes 2023 down 73.7% volatile
67 Estonia 3.84 million tonnes 2023 up 295.1% volatile
68 Cote d'Ivoire 3.81 million tonnes 2023 up 86.7% volatile
69 Oman 3.55 million tonnes 2023 down 40.3% volatile
70 Georgia 3.44 million tonnes 2023 up 24.0% volatile
71 Mauritius 3.33 million tonnes 2023 up 61.3% rising
72 Egypt 3.20 million tonnes 2023 down 39.8% volatile
73 Uruguay 3.15 million tonnes 2023 down 23.2% rising
74 Tajikistan 2.76 million tonnes 2023 down 65.9% volatile
75 El Salvador 2.59 million tonnes 2023 up 2.9% rising
76 Uganda 2.57 million tonnes 2023 up 28.1% rising
77 Guinea 2.52 million tonnes 2023 up 829.3% volatile
78 Benin 2.51 million tonnes 2023 down 45.5% volatile
79 Madagascar 1.97 million tonnes 2023 up 9.5% volatile
80 Zimbabwe 1.88 million tonnes 2023 up 366.5% volatile
81 Nicaragua 1.74 million tonnes 2023 up 7.7% volatile
82 Rwanda 1.50 million tonnes 2023 up 42,252.7% volatile
83 Cyprus 1.44 million tonnes 2023 up 37.2% volatile
84 Malawi 1.38 million tonnes 2023 up 462.8% volatile
85 Bolivia 1.01 million tonnes 2023 up 53.9% volatile
86 Albania 964,679 tonnes 2023 down 17.5% volatile
87 Morocco 952,336 tonnes 2023 down 81.8% falling
88 Zambia 874,454 tonnes 2023 down 79.6% volatile
89 Bulgaria 808,944 tonnes 2023 up 116.0% volatile
90 Cameroon 688,961 tonnes 2023 down 63.1% volatile
92 Jamaica 265,383 tonnes 2023 up 111.7% volatile
93 Armenia 243,616 tonnes 2023 down 30.5% volatile
94 Norway 100,880 tonnes 2023 down 98.9% volatile
95 Burkina Faso -507,239 tonnes 2023 down 247.6% volatile
96 Kuwait -823,040 tonnes 2023 up 19.5% volatile
97 Tunisia -1.56 million tonnes 2023 up 80.0% volatile
98 Azerbaijan -1.91 million tonnes 2023 down 196.9% volatile
99 Honduras -1.95 million tonnes 2023 down 122.9% volatile
100 Brunei -3.63 million tonnes 2023 down 625.1% volatile
101 Turkey -3.91 million tonnes 2023 down 107.3% volatile
102 Mongolia -7.58 million tonnes 2023 down 3,896.6% volatile
103 Laos -9.33 million tonnes 2023 down 1,263.6% volatile
104 Poland -9.39 million tonnes 2023 up 46.8% volatile
105 Australia -12.16 million tonnes 2023 down 4.6% volatile
106 Trinidad and Tobago -13.18 million tonnes 2023 up 58.0% falling
107 Brazil -14.00 million tonnes 2023 down 121.8% volatile
108 Bahrain -16.72 million tonnes 2023 down 40.5% volatile
109 Venezuela -19.07 million tonnes 2023 up 67.9% volatile
110 Saudi Arabia -23.34 million tonnes 2023 down 76.9% volatile
111 Canada -25.54 million tonnes 2023 down 153.3% volatile
112 Indonesia -34.19 million tonnes 2023 down 312.6% volatile
113 Qatar -37.32 million tonnes 2023 down 3.9% volatile
114 Kazakhstan -73.52 million tonnes 2023 down 39.1% falling
115 Vietnam -99.61 million tonnes 2023 down 239.3% volatile
116 South Africa -111.22 million tonnes 2023 down 12.1% volatile
117 Iran -121.10 million tonnes 2023 up 2.4% volatile
118 Russia -327.15 million tonnes 2023 down 28.4% rising
119 India -519.54 million tonnes 2023 down 45.3% volatile
120 China -1.31 billion tonnes 2023 up 0.0% volatile

About this data

Indicator
CO₂ emissions embedded in trade
Unit
tonnes
Source
Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)
Coverage
120 places, 4,063 data points, 1990–2023
Last refreshed

Annual net carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions embedded in trade, measured in tonnes.