Cumulative CO₂ emissions including land-use change, per unit of GDP by country
Cumulative CO₂ emissions including land-use change divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
191
Highest
0.3439 tonnes per US$ of GDP
Democratic Republic of Congo
Lowest
-0.0005 tonnes per US$ of GDP
Sao Tome and Principe
Median
0.0308 tonnes per US$ of GDP
Years covered
65
1960–2024
Data points
10,578
What the numbers show
Cumulative CO₂ emissions including land-use change, per unit of GDP is currently reported for 191 countries. The highest value is 0.3439 tonnes per US$ of GDP in Democratic Republic of Congo; the lowest is -0.0005 tonnes per US$ of GDP in Sao Tome and Principe.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.0308 tonnes per US$ of GDP, and the mean is 0.0494 tonnes per US$ of GDP.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 691.
Over the past decade 61 countries rose and 130 fell. The largest increase was in Equatorial Guinea (up 342.0%), and the largest decrease in Guyana (down 81.4%).
Cumulative CO₂ emissions including land-use change, per unit of GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0.3439 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 32.1% | volatile |
| 2 | Madagascar | 0.2955 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 23.4% | volatile |
| 3 | Central African Republic | 0.2747 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 21.3% | volatile |
| 4 | Liberia | 0.233 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 11.6% | volatile |
| 5 | Ukraine | 0.2322 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 26.6% | volatile |
| 6 | Nicaragua | 0.2298 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 37.4% | volatile |
| 7 | Bhutan | 0.2083 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 27.0% | volatile |
| 8 | Mozambique | 0.2046 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.4% | volatile |
| 9 | Zambia | 0.1981 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 28.4% | volatile |
| 10 | Sierra Leone | 0.1912 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 21.3% | falling |
| 11 | Laos | 0.1599 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 0.4% | volatile |
| 12 | Bolivia | 0.1384 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 30.0% | volatile |
| 13 | Solomon Islands | 0.1317 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 23.2% | volatile |
| 14 | Belarus | 0.1282 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 6.5% | volatile |
| 15 | Myanmar | 0.1231 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 1.8% | volatile |
| 16 | South Sudan | 0.1223 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2015 | up 57.4% | rising |
| 17 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0.1197 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 24.8% | volatile |
| 18 | Congo | 0.1197 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 31.8% | volatile |
| 19 | Belize | 0.1171 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 17.2% | volatile |
| 20 | Guinea | 0.1121 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 54.9% | rising |
| 21 | Venezuela | 0.1112 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 97.3% | volatile |
| 22 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.1087 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.3% | falling |
| 23 | Burundi | 0.1078 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 6.8% | volatile |
| 24 | Malawi | 0.1049 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.0% | falling |
| 25 | Russia | 0.1038 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 3.5% | volatile |
| 26 | Syria | 0.1023 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 108.3% | volatile |
| 27 | Honduras | 0.0969 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 42.5% | volatile |
| 28 | Tanzania | 0.0958 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 26.6% | falling |
| 29 | Somalia | 0.0942 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.7% | volatile |
| 30 | Paraguay | 0.0903 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 2.0% | volatile |
| 31 | Mongolia | 0.0873 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 35.6% | volatile |
| 32 | Lesotho | 0.082 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 104.3% | rising |
| 33 | Benin | 0.0812 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 17.6% | volatile |
| 34 | Moldova | 0.0788 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 47.8% | volatile |
| 35 | Cambodia | 0.0758 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 42.1% | volatile |
| 36 | South Africa | 0.074 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 11.9% | volatile |
| 37 | Zimbabwe | 0.0707 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 50.9% | volatile |
| 38 | Vanuatu | 0.0696 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 35.8% | falling |
| 39 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.0686 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 55.3% | volatile |
| 40 | Niger | 0.0677 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 35.7% | volatile |
| 41 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.0662 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 48.5% | volatile |
| 42 | Turkmenistan | 0.0661 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 32.1% | volatile |
| 43 | Togo | 0.0655 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 35.8% | volatile |
| 44 | Kazakhstan | 0.0651 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 10.8% | volatile |
| 45 | East Timor | 0.065 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 24.8% | falling |
| 46 | Mali | 0.0646 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 16.3% | falling |
| 47 | Brazil | 0.0638 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 29.8% | volatile |
| 48 | Nigeria | 0.0629 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 153.4% | volatile |
| 49 | Indonesia | 0.0623 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 23.0% | volatile |
| 50 | Uzbekistan | 0.0588 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 10.6% | volatile |
| 51 | Suriname | 0.0587 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 39.9% | volatile |
| 52 | Burkina Faso | 0.0585 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 19.1% | volatile |
| 53 | Colombia | 0.0579 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 3.6% | volatile |
| 54 | Papua New Guinea | 0.0573 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 0.3% | volatile |
| 55 | North Macedonia | 0.0558 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 27.1% | falling |
| 56 | Cameroon | 0.0549 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.6% | volatile |
| 57 | Sudan | 0.0543 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 15.4% | volatile |
| 58 | Cuba | 0.0532 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2020 | down 42.4% | volatile |
| 59 | Libya | 0.0526 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 54.7% | volatile |
| 60 | Angola | 0.0521 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 79.3% | volatile |
| 61 | Gabon | 0.0513 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 0.0% | volatile |
| 62 | Iran | 0.0494 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 41.4% | volatile |
| 63 | Ethiopia | 0.0491 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 45.0% | volatile |
| 64 | Thailand | 0.0476 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 9.7% | volatile |
| 65 | Malaysia | 0.0474 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 2.6% | volatile |
| 66 | Ecuador | 0.047 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 9.1% | volatile |
| 67 | Tajikistan | 0.0444 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.7% | volatile |
| 68 | Bulgaria | 0.044 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 45.8% | volatile |
| 69 | Uganda | 0.0434 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 36.3% | volatile |
| 70 | Azerbaijan | 0.0434 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 16.2% | volatile |
| 71 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.0428 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 26.0% | volatile |
| 72 | Latvia | 0.0418 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 27.5% | volatile |
| 73 | Estonia | 0.0417 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 32.7% | volatile |
| 74 | Chad | 0.0404 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 10.3% | volatile |
| 75 | Guatemala | 0.0399 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 42.7% | volatile |
| 76 | Eswatini | 0.0391 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 4.4% | volatile |
| 77 | Nepal | 0.0375 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.7% | volatile |
| 78 | Serbia | 0.0375 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 41.2% | volatile |
| 79 | Argentina | 0.0361 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 4.6% | volatile |
| 80 | Palau | 0.0355 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 6.1% | falling |
| 81 | Czechia | 0.0346 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 34.2% | volatile |
| 82 | Afghanistan | 0.0344 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 60.8% | volatile |
| 83 | Haiti | 0.0336 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 36.2% | volatile |
| 84 | Brunei | 0.0336 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 42.4% | volatile |
| 85 | Lithuania | 0.0335 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 41.2% | volatile |
| 86 | Canada | 0.0335 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.6% | volatile |
| 87 | Philippines | 0.0331 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 26.5% | volatile |
| 88 | Eritrea | 0.0323 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2011 | up 117.9% | rising |
| 89 | Ghana | 0.0323 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.0% | volatile |
| 90 | Slovakia | 0.0321 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.3% | volatile |
| 91 | Poland | 0.0321 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 34.7% | volatile |
| 92 | Yemen | 0.0315 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2018 | up 74.4% | flat |
| 93 | Vietnam | 0.0311 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 30.3% | volatile |
| 94 | Lebanon | 0.031 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 155.3% | volatile |
| 95 | Romania | 0.031 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.8% | volatile |
| 96 | Gambia | 0.0308 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 40.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Nauru | 0.0302 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.6% | volatile |
| 98 | Jamaica | 0.0299 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 28.3% | falling |
| 99 | Panama | 0.0286 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 37.0% | volatile |
| 100 | India | 0.0281 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 26.9% | volatile |
| 101 | Tunisia | 0.028 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 25.0% | volatile |
| 102 | Peru | 0.0274 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 23.3% | volatile |
| 103 | Rwanda | 0.0272 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 40.7% | volatile |
| 104 | Montenegro | 0.0266 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 45.8% | volatile |
| 105 | Kenya | 0.0265 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 34.3% | volatile |
| 106 | Hungary | 0.0258 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 32.2% | volatile |
| 107 | Costa Rica | 0.0257 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.3% | volatile |
| 108 | Guyana | 0.0253 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 81.4% | volatile |
| 109 | El Salvador | 0.0247 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 29.2% | volatile |
| 110 | Algeria | 0.0243 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 22.8% | volatile |
| 111 | Kuwait | 0.0241 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 38.7% | volatile |
| 112 | Senegal | 0.0238 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 19.3% | volatile |
| 113 | Chile | 0.0237 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 8.4% | volatile |
| 114 | Bahrain | 0.0236 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 8.4% | volatile |
| 115 | Finland | 0.0226 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 1.8% | volatile |
| 116 | Sri Lanka | 0.0225 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 2.9% | volatile |
| 117 | Morocco | 0.0221 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 8.3% | volatile |
| 118 | United Kingdom | 0.0216 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.5% | volatile |
| 119 | Iraq | 0.0209 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 21.5% | volatile |
| 120 | Pakistan | 0.0208 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 1.9% | volatile |
| 121 | Greece | 0.0206 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 0.4% | volatile |
| 122 | Albania | 0.0203 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 45.8% | volatile |
| 123 | Germany | 0.0203 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 8.7% | volatile |
| 124 | Egypt | 0.0201 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 15.5% | volatile |
| 125 | Dominican Republic | 0.0199 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.9% | volatile |
| 126 | Croatia | 0.0198 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 30.1% | volatile |
| 127 | Armenia | 0.0197 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 48.5% | volatile |
| 128 | Mexico | 0.0197 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 14.8% | volatile |
| 129 | Belgium | 0.0196 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.4% | volatile |
| 130 | New Zealand | 0.0196 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 14.3% | volatile |
| 131 | Australia | 0.0194 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 3.0% | volatile |
| 132 | China | 0.0192 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 18.9% | volatile |
| 133 | United States | 0.0191 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.7% | volatile |
| 134 | Japan | 0.0179 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 39.3% | volatile |
| 135 | Slovenia | 0.0167 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.3% | falling |
| 136 | Fiji | 0.0166 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 9.0% | volatile |
| 137 | Namibia | 0.0161 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 45.5% | rising |
| 138 | Oman | 0.0157 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 53.7% | volatile |
| 139 | Botswana | 0.0153 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 2.9% | falling |
| 140 | Saudi Arabia | 0.0153 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 3.9% | volatile |
| 141 | Jordan | 0.0146 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 3.0% | falling |
| 142 | Turkey | 0.0144 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 11.1% | volatile |
| 143 | Marshall Islands | 0.0141 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 3.0% | rising |
| 144 | Mauritania | 0.0132 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 10.6% | rising |
| 145 | Denmark | 0.0131 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 11.5% | volatile |
| 146 | Uruguay | 0.0125 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 18.3% | volatile |
| 147 | Sweden | 0.0125 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 1.9% | volatile |
| 148 | Samoa | 0.0124 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.7% | volatile |
| 149 | Tonga | 0.012 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.0% | volatile |
| 150 | Qatar | 0.012 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 60.8% | volatile |
| 151 | Bahamas | 0.0115 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 18.2% | volatile |
| 152 | France | 0.0113 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 1.1% | volatile |
| 153 | South Korea | 0.0112 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 17.8% | volatile |
| 154 | Austria | 0.0112 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 8.2% | volatile |
| 155 | Netherlands | 0.011 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 16.4% | volatile |
| 156 | Italy | 0.011 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 3.7% | volatile |
| 157 | United Arab Emirates | 0.0105 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 21.1% | volatile |
| 158 | Spain | 0.0103 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 8.3% | volatile |
| 159 | Portugal | 0.0102 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.9% | volatile |
| 160 | Micronesia (country) | 0.0101 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 6.7% | rising |
| 161 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.0101 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 342.0% | volatile |
| 162 | Mauritius | 0.0091 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 30.9% | falling |
| 163 | Comoros | 0.0086 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 0.3% | rising |
| 164 | Barbados | 0.0084 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 7.3% | volatile |
| 165 | Luxembourg | 0.0083 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 17.0% | volatile |
| 166 | Iceland | 0.0083 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 36.6% | volatile |
| 167 | Bangladesh | 0.0083 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 46.0% | volatile |
| 168 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.0082 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 4.7% | volatile |
| 169 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.0081 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 17.8% | volatile |
| 170 | Cape Verde | 0.0078 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 3.8% | falling |
| 171 | Norway | 0.0077 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 18.0% | volatile |
| 172 | Seychelles | 0.0072 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 1.3% | rising |
| 173 | Cyprus | 0.0072 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 18.7% | volatile |
| 174 | Georgia | 0.0068 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 42.4% | volatile |
| 175 | Kiribati | 0.0068 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 17.9% | falling |
| 176 | Djibouti | 0.0065 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 31.3% | falling |
| 177 | Saint Lucia | 0.0061 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 10.5% | volatile |
| 178 | Dominica | 0.0052 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 3.0% | volatile |
| 179 | Tuvalu | 0.0052 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 2.3% | rising |
| 180 | Israel | 0.0049 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.1% | volatile |
| 181 | Palestine | 0.0048 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 74.1% | rising |
| 182 | Maldives | 0.0048 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 15.2% | rising |
| 183 | Grenada | 0.0045 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 1.8% | volatile |
| 184 | Malta | 0.0042 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.2% | falling |
| 185 | Andorra | 0.0042 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 8.9% | rising |
| 186 | Ireland | 0.0042 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 48.1% | volatile |
| 187 | Singapore | 0.0039 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 29.4% | volatile |
| 188 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.0039 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 43.9% | volatile |
| 189 | Switzerland | 0.0035 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 14.7% | volatile |
| 190 | Liechtenstein | 0.0011 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.5% | volatile |
| 191 | Sao Tome and Principe | -0.0005 tonnes per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 95.9% | volatile |
How this figure is calculated
Cumulative CO₂ emissions including land-use change divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Cumulative CO₂ emissions including land-use change ÷ GDP (current US$)
Computed from
- Cumulative CO₂ emissions including land-use change Global Carbon Budget (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data
- GDP Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Cumulative CO₂ emissions including land-use change divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.