Net Forest conversion — Net emissions/removals (CO2) (Forest land) by country
The FAOSTAT domain on Emissions from Forests consists of CO2 emissions and removals corresponding to forest carbon stock changes (aboveground and belowground living biomass). Estimates are computed following the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 2006).
Countries reporting
168
Highest
1.24 million kt
Brazil
Lowest
0 kt
Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
Median
384.31 kt
Years covered
36
1990–2025
Data points
9,600
What the numbers show
Net Forest conversion — Net emissions/removals (CO2) (Forest land) is currently reported for 168 countries. The highest value is 1.24 million kt in Brazil; the lowest is 0 kt in Netherlands (Kingdom of the).
The median across all reporting countries is 384.31 kt, and the mean is 17,595 kt.
Over the past decade 35 countries rose and 88 fell. The largest increase was in Slovenia (up 25,741.5%), and the largest decrease in American Samoa (down 100.0%).
Net Forest conversion — Net emissions/removals (CO2) (Forest land): full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brazil | 1.24 million kt | 2025 | up 36.2% | falling |
| 2 | OECD | 147,607 kt | 2025 | up 137.8% | falling |
| 3 | Peru | 130,591 kt | 2025 | down 0.3% | falling |
| 4 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 156,015 kt | 2025 | down 71.7% | falling |
| 4 | Canada | 92,700 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 5 | Cambodia | 71,652 kt | 2025 | down 25.9% | volatile |
| 5 | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 62,649 kt | 2025 | up 48.9% | falling |
| 6 | Cameroon | 60,852 kt | 2025 | up 101.6% | rising |
| 6 | United Republic of Tanzania | 59,157 kt | 2025 | up 16.4% | rising |
| 7 | Argentina | 58,890 kt | 2025 | down 29.0% | falling |
| 8 | Myanmar | 58,679 kt | 2025 | down 0.0% | falling |
| 8 | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 27,302 kt | 2025 | down 48.9% | falling |
| 9 | Colombia | 56,373 kt | 2025 | up 29.3% | falling |
| 9 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 17,511 kt | 2025 | down 3.6% | rising |
| 10 | Thailand | 53,420 kt | 2025 | up 1,867.4% | volatile |
| 10 | Viet Nam | 4,863 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 11 | Malaysia | 52,807 kt | 2025 | — | rising |
| 11 | Melanesia | 3,030 kt | 2025 | down 9.5% | falling |
| 12 | Nigeria | 44,152 kt | 2025 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 12 | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | 347.84 kt | 2025 | up 0.0% | volatile |
| 13 | Mozambique | 43,452 kt | 2025 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 13 | Timor-Leste | 233.81 kt | 2025 | down 39.4% | falling |
| 14 | Paraguay | 36,769 kt | 2025 | down 39.4% | falling |
| 14 | Republic of Moldova | 140.98 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 15 | Madagascar | 32,618 kt | 2025 | down 26.9% | rising |
| 15 | Polynesia | 80.11 kt | 2025 | down 21.7% | falling |
| 16 | Angola | 32,316 kt | 2025 | up 0.0% | rising |
| 16 | Wallis and Futuna Islands | 1.43 kt | 2025 | down 33.8% | volatile |
| 17 | Côte d'Ivoire | 33,005 kt | 2025 | down 33.9% | falling |
| 17 | Central African Republic | 25,014 kt | 2025 | up 33.2% | rising |
| 17 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 0.606 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 18 | Romania | 24,017 kt | 2025 | up 658.0% | volatile |
| 18 | Micronesia | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 18 | Micronesia (Federated States of) | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 19 | Liberia | 22,832 kt | 2025 | down 65.2% | volatile |
| 20 | Mali | 21,684 kt | 2025 | down 23.0% | rising |
| 21 | Chad | 20,638 kt | 2025 | down 0.1% | rising |
| 22 | Guinea | 19,071 kt | 2025 | down 1.6% | flat |
| 23 | Zimbabwe | 17,549 kt | 2025 | down 11.2% | falling |
| 24 | Burkina Faso | 17,147 kt | 2025 | down 1.7% | falling |
| 25 | Guatemala | 15,875 kt | 2025 | up 85.3% | falling |
| 26 | Mexico | 14,793 kt | 2025 | up 6.4% | falling |
| 27 | Ecuador | 12,218 kt | 2025 | down 40.0% | falling |
| 27 | Caribbean | 1,071 kt | 2025 | down 23.3% | volatile |
| 28 | Suriname | 11,766 kt | 2025 | up 289.8% | volatile |
| 29 | Zambia | 9,832 kt | 2025 | down 48.3% | volatile |
| 30 | Sweden | 9,427 kt | 2025 | down 17.3% | rising |
| 31 | Sudan | 8,894 kt | 2025 | up 33.9% | rising |
| 32 | Guyana | 8,078 kt | 2025 | down 34.7% | rising |
| 33 | Ethiopia | 7,989 kt | 2025 | down 67.0% | falling |
| 34 | Benin | 7,502 kt | 2025 | down 77.3% | falling |
| 35 | Uganda | 7,373 kt | 2025 | down 49.5% | falling |
| 36 | Malawi | 7,068 kt | 2025 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 37 | Sudan (former) | 6,640 kt | 2011 | up 7.1% | rising |
| 38 | Somalia | 6,299 kt | 2025 | down 81.8% | rising |
| 39 | Honduras | 6,262 kt | 2025 | up 13.7% | volatile |
| 40 | Nicaragua | 5,618 kt | 2023 | down 3.1% | falling |
| 41 | Belize | 4,386 kt | 2025 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 42 | Gabon | 4,325 kt | 2025 | down 44.4% | rising |
| 43 | Equatorial Guinea | 3,832 kt | 2025 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 44 | Bhutan | 3,642 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 45 | Sierra Leone | 3,460 kt | 2025 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 46 | Bangladesh | 3,391 kt | 2025 | up 16.6% | volatile |
| 47 | French Guiana | 3,295 kt | 2025 | up 26.7% | falling |
| 48 | Bulgaria | 3,288 kt | 2025 | — | rising |
| 49 | Japan | 2,543 kt | 2025 | down 35.6% | volatile |
| 50 | Chile | 2,342 kt | 2025 | down 34.1% | falling |
| 51 | Senegal | 2,190 kt | 2025 | down 0.4% | rising |
| 52 | Papua New Guinea | 1,913 kt | 2025 | up 2.0% | falling |
| 53 | Niger | 1,793 kt | 2025 | up 34.5% | volatile |
| 54 | Australia | 1,595 kt | 2025 | down 8.5% | volatile |
| 54 | Australia and New Zealand | 1,595 kt | 2025 | down 20.0% | volatile |
| 56 | Panama | 1,522 kt | 2025 | down 34.5% | falling |
| 57 | Austria | 1,448 kt | 2025 | up 2.9% | flat |
| 58 | Costa Rica | 1,239 kt | 2025 | down 58.3% | volatile |
| 59 | Republic of Korea | 1,214 kt | 2025 | down 73.4% | rising |
| 60 | Belgium-Luxembourg | 1,007 kt | 1999 | unchanged | flat |
| 61 | Estonia | 949.43 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 62 | Eritrea | 941.58 kt | 2025 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 63 | Puerto Rico | 926.41 kt | 2025 | up 868.7% | volatile |
| 64 | Mauritania | 719.15 kt | 2025 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 65 | North Macedonia | 686.53 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 66 | Sri Lanka | 675.47 kt | 2025 | down 57.0% | volatile |
| 67 | Vanuatu | 623.25 kt | 2025 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 68 | Gambia | 601.39 kt | 2025 | up 12.9% | rising |
| 69 | Guinea-Bissau | 579.65 kt | 2025 | up 0.0% | falling |
| 70 | Togo | 555.82 kt | 2025 | down 7.5% | falling |
| 71 | Slovenia | 518.77 kt | 2025 | up 25,741.5% | volatile |
| 72 | Congo | 506 kt | 2025 | down 95.1% | volatile |
| 73 | Solomon Islands | 493.63 kt | 2025 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 74 | Iraq | 476.33 kt | 2025 | down 59.2% | volatile |
| 75 | Italy | 415.43 kt | 2025 | down 92.9% | volatile |
| 76 | Norway | 353.19 kt | 2025 | down 18.5% | volatile |
| 77 | Morocco | 331.78 kt | 2025 | up 22.1% | volatile |
| 78 | Eswatini | 262.16 kt | 2025 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 79 | Tunisia | 169.78 kt | 2025 | up 56.6% | rising |
| 80 | Algeria | 132.31 kt | 2025 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 81 | Western Sahara | 123.08 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 82 | Israel | 116.81 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 83 | Trinidad and Tobago | 102 kt | 2025 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 84 | Namibia | 95.75 kt | 2025 | down 0.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Samoa | 78.68 kt | 2025 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 86 | Seychelles | 66.59 kt | 2025 | up 6.5% | rising |
| 87 | Croatia | 41.74 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 88 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 37 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 89 | Libya | 34.34 kt | 2025 | up 1.1% | flat |
| 90 | Mayotte | 30.95 kt | 2025 | down 22.1% | volatile |
| 91 | Brunei Darussalam | 28.5 kt | 2025 | down 80.4% | volatile |
| 92 | Antigua and Barbuda | 22.95 kt | 2025 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 93 | Dominica | 19.78 kt | 2025 | down 60.7% | volatile |
| 94 | Cyprus | 15.53 kt | 2025 | up 67.6% | volatile |
| 95 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 1.45 kt | 2025 | down 20.1% | rising |
| 96 | Jordan | 0.502 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Albania | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Andorra | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Armenia | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | American Samoa | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Azerbaijan | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Burundi | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Belgium | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Belarus | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Switzerland | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | China | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Comoros | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | falling |
| 97 | Cuba | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Cayman Islands | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Czechia | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Denmark | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Dominican Republic | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Spain | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Finland | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Haiti | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Hungary | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Indonesia | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Ireland | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Jamaica | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Kazakhstan | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Kenya | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Kyrgyzstan | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Lithuania | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Luxembourg | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Latvia | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Marshall Islands | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Mongolia | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Mauritius | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | New Caledonia | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Nepal | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | New Zealand | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Pakistan | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Philippines | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Portugal | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Rwanda | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Singapore | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | El Salvador | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | South Sudan | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Slovakia | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Ukraine | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Uzbekistan | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | British Virgin Islands | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 97 | United States Virgin Islands | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Guadeloupe | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Montserrat | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Niue | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Russian Federation | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | China, mainland | 0 kt | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 0 kt | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- World 2.81 million kt
- Least Developed Countries (LDCs) 667,703 kt
- Non-Annex I countries 2.65 million kt
- Middle Africa 303,498 kt
- Americas 1.82 million kt
- Asia 271,618 kt
- South America 1.65 million kt
- Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs) 874,589 kt
- Africa 681,210 kt
- Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs) 558,467 kt
- Small island developing states (SIDS) 29,289 kt
- South-Eastern Asia 259,195 kt
- Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs) 257,749 kt
- Eastern Africa 192,376 kt
- Western Africa 175,293 kt
- Annex I countries 160,760 kt
- Northern America 111,894 kt
- Central America 49,695 kt
- Europe 41,322 kt
- European Union (27) 40,120 kt
- Eastern Europe 27,446 kt
- United States of America 19,193 kt
- Northern Europe 10,729 kt
- Northern Africa 9,686 kt
- Southern Asia 7,709 kt
- Oceania 4,705 kt
- Eastern Asia 4,105 kt
- Southern Europe 1,699 kt
- Western Europe 1,448 kt
- Western Asia 609.18 kt
- Southern Africa 357.91 kt
- Central Asia 0 kt
About this data
The FAOSTAT domain on Emissions from Forests consists of CO2 emissions and removals corresponding to forest carbon stock changes (aboveground and belowground living biomass). Estimates are computed following the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 2006).