Pre- and post-production — Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) by country
The FAOSTAT domain Emissions from Pre- and Post-Agricultural Production provides estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and related activity data associated with pre- and post-production stages of agrifood systems. The domain includes methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), fluorinated gases...
Countries reporting
248
Highest
1.52 million kt
OECD
Lowest
0 kt
Pitcairn
Median
2,843 kt
Years covered
34
1990–2023
Data points
9,260
What the numbers show
Pre- and post-production — Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) is currently reported for 248 countries. The highest value is 1.52 million kt in OECD; the lowest is 0 kt in Pitcairn.
The median across all reporting countries is 2,843 kt, and the mean is 31,210 kt.
Over the past decade 188 countries rose and 59 fell. The largest increase was in Democratic People's Republic of Korea (up 197.8%), and the largest decrease in Pitcairn (down 100.0%).
Pre- and post-production — Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) (Pre- CO2eq AR5): full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | OECD | 1.52 million kt | 2023 | down 3.5% | rising |
| 2 | China | 1.36 million kt | 2023 | up 13.0% | rising |
| 3 | China, mainland | 1.31 million kt | 2023 | up 13.4% | rising |
| 4 | India | 367,832 kt | 2023 | up 13.2% | rising |
| 5 | Russian Federation | 230,949 kt | 2023 | up 30.8% | rising |
| 6 | Brazil | 194,420 kt | 2023 | up 21.8% | rising |
| 7 | Indonesia | 167,113 kt | 2023 | up 20.7% | rising |
| 8 | Japan | 112,450 kt | 2023 | down 13.7% | rising |
| 9 | Mexico | 106,052 kt | 2023 | down 3.0% | rising |
| 10 | Thailand | 99,992 kt | 2023 | up 67.3% | rising |
| 11 | Türkiye | 85,193 kt | 2023 | up 29.5% | rising |
| 12 | Germany | 82,937 kt | 2023 | down 19.6% | falling |
| 13 | Canada | 73,301 kt | 2023 | up 7.7% | rising |
| 14 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 70,525 kt | 2023 | up 17.4% | rising |
| 15 | Republic of Korea | 67,911 kt | 2023 | up 10.3% | rising |
| 16 | Australia and New Zealand | 62,355 kt | 2023 | up 4.8% | rising |
| 17 | Poland | 61,874 kt | 2023 | up 10.5% | rising |
| 18 | Italy | 59,538 kt | 2023 | down 12.8% | rising |
| 19 | Saudi Arabia | 59,041 kt | 2023 | up 15.5% | rising |
| 20 | Viet Nam | 56,913 kt | 2023 | up 88.2% | volatile |
| 21 | Pakistan | 56,882 kt | 2023 | up 18.0% | rising |
| 22 | Egypt | 56,402 kt | 2023 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 23 | Australia | 55,238 kt | 2023 | up 4.4% | rising |
| 24 | France | 54,039 kt | 2023 | down 19.4% | rising |
| 25 | Caribbean | 51,635 kt | 2023 | up 22.9% | rising |
| 26 | Algeria | 49,049 kt | 2023 | up 38.6% | rising |
| 27 | Nigeria | 47,444 kt | 2023 | up 16.9% | rising |
| 28 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 44,172 kt | 2023 | down 30.4% | falling |
| 29 | Malaysia | 42,936 kt | 2023 | up 17.4% | rising |
| 30 | Philippines | 40,844 kt | 2023 | up 51.4% | rising |
| 31 | South Africa | 39,765 kt | 2023 | up 3.4% | rising |
| 32 | Colombia | 38,686 kt | 2023 | up 32.8% | rising |
| 33 | Spain | 38,563 kt | 2023 | down 20.0% | flat |
| 34 | Argentina | 34,812 kt | 2023 | down 5.9% | rising |
| 35 | Ukraine | 33,693 kt | 2023 | down 34.3% | rising |
| 36 | China, Taiwan Province of | 32,292 kt | 2023 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 37 | Bangladesh | 26,828 kt | 2023 | up 24.9% | rising |
| 38 | Morocco | 25,909 kt | 2023 | up 39.6% | rising |
| 39 | Kazakhstan | 24,181 kt | 2023 | up 69.7% | volatile |
| 40 | Uzbekistan | 23,136 kt | 2023 | up 11.9% | rising |
| 41 | Iraq | 23,074 kt | 2023 | up 17.3% | rising |
| 42 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 21,268 kt | 2023 | down 16.0% | falling |
| 43 | Trinidad and Tobago | 20,656 kt | 2023 | up 36.0% | rising |
| 44 | Chile | 19,668 kt | 2023 | up 21.4% | rising |
| 45 | United Republic of Tanzania | 19,588 kt | 2023 | up 42.1% | rising |
| 46 | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 16,588 kt | 2023 | down 16.3% | rising |
| 47 | Peru | 16,415 kt | 2023 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 48 | Belarus | 16,373 kt | 2023 | up 8.4% | rising |
| 49 | Romania | 15,922 kt | 2023 | down 3.5% | flat |
| 50 | United Arab Emirates | 15,766 kt | 2023 | up 11.9% | rising |
| 51 | Uganda | 15,424 kt | 2023 | up 68.4% | rising |
| 52 | Israel | 15,237 kt | 2023 | up 29.4% | rising |
| 53 | Myanmar | 13,694 kt | 2023 | up 32.6% | rising |
| 54 | Greece | 12,740 kt | 2023 | down 27.9% | flat |
| 55 | Czechia | 11,686 kt | 2023 | down 0.7% | falling |
| 56 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 11,550 kt | 2023 | up 26.7% | rising |
| 57 | Hungary | 11,538 kt | 2023 | up 22.5% | rising |
| 58 | Belgium | 11,239 kt | 2023 | down 17.9% | falling |
| 59 | Qatar | 11,124 kt | 2023 | down 0.9% | volatile |
| 60 | Dominican Republic | 11,012 kt | 2023 | up 32.0% | rising |
| 61 | Kuwait | 10,833 kt | 2023 | up 22.5% | rising |
| 62 | China, Hong Kong SAR | 10,594 kt | 2023 | down 2.1% | rising |
| 63 | Portugal | 10,580 kt | 2023 | up 9.9% | rising |
| 64 | Ethiopia | 10,438 kt | 2023 | up 21.9% | rising |
| 65 | Tunisia | 10,325 kt | 2023 | up 23.5% | rising |
| 66 | Syrian Arab Republic | 10,056 kt | 2023 | up 29.6% | rising |
| 67 | Ecuador | 9,834 kt | 2023 | up 16.5% | rising |
| 68 | Oman | 9,729 kt | 2023 | up 31.3% | volatile |
| 69 | Côte d'Ivoire | 9,654 kt | 2023 | up 40.0% | rising |
| 70 | Libya | 9,162 kt | 2023 | up 19.6% | rising |
| 71 | Sudan | 9,137 kt | 2023 | up 45.9% | rising |
| 72 | Yemen | 9,079 kt | 2023 | up 19.3% | rising |
| 73 | Serbia | 8,914 kt | 2023 | down 2.9% | rising |
| 74 | Kenya | 8,530 kt | 2023 | up 16.9% | rising |
| 75 | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 8,187 kt | 2023 | up 33.2% | rising |
| 76 | Austria | 8,124 kt | 2023 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 77 | Switzerland | 8,020 kt | 2023 | down 7.5% | rising |
| 78 | Azerbaijan | 7,437 kt | 2023 | up 32.2% | rising |
| 79 | Haiti | 7,354 kt | 2023 | up 49.4% | rising |
| 80 | New Zealand | 7,117 kt | 2023 | up 8.1% | rising |
| 81 | Guatemala | 7,033 kt | 2023 | up 31.5% | rising |
| 82 | Ghana | 7,009 kt | 2023 | up 19.5% | rising |
| 83 | Lithuania | 6,525 kt | 2023 | up 7.1% | rising |
| 84 | Afghanistan | 6,492 kt | 2023 | up 46.2% | volatile |
| 85 | Jordan | 6,161 kt | 2023 | up 22.2% | rising |
| 86 | Sri Lanka | 6,116 kt | 2023 | up 23.9% | rising |
| 87 | Nepal | 5,831 kt | 2023 | up 31.2% | rising |
| 88 | Angola | 5,679 kt | 2023 | up 19.0% | rising |
| 89 | Lebanon | 5,570 kt | 2023 | up 32.9% | rising |
| 90 | Zimbabwe | 5,555 kt | 2023 | up 119.4% | rising |
| 91 | Turkmenistan | 5,531 kt | 2023 | up 47.3% | rising |
| 92 | Singapore | 5,334 kt | 2023 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 93 | Palestine | 5,252 kt | 2023 | up 80.8% | volatile |
| 94 | Senegal | 5,239 kt | 2023 | up 51.4% | rising |
| 95 | Sudan (former) | 5,133 kt | 2011 | up 90.4% | rising |
| 96 | Ireland | 4,948 kt | 2023 | down 13.4% | rising |
| 97 | Finland | 4,922 kt | 2023 | down 16.7% | falling |
| 98 | Mongolia | 4,898 kt | 2023 | up 26.5% | rising |
| 99 | Cambodia | 4,874 kt | 2023 | up 88.7% | rising |
| 100 | Panama | 4,864 kt | 2023 | up 50.6% | rising |
| 101 | Madagascar | 4,836 kt | 2023 | up 23.9% | rising |
| 102 | Bulgaria | 4,779 kt | 2023 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 103 | Croatia | 4,598 kt | 2023 | up 4.1% | rising |
| 104 | Burkina Faso | 4,454 kt | 2023 | up 49.6% | rising |
| 105 | Honduras | 4,428 kt | 2023 | up 29.5% | rising |
| 106 | Cameroon | 4,316 kt | 2023 | up 21.5% | rising |
| 107 | Puerto Rico | 4,085 kt | 2023 | up 9.5% | rising |
| 108 | Slovakia | 4,045 kt | 2023 | down 6.3% | falling |
| 109 | Bahrain | 3,938 kt | 2023 | up 21.6% | rising |
| 110 | Mozambique | 3,922 kt | 2023 | up 29.0% | rising |
| 111 | Sweden | 3,852 kt | 2023 | down 4.7% | falling |
| 112 | Niger | 3,668 kt | 2023 | up 37.2% | rising |
| 113 | Denmark | 3,645 kt | 2023 | down 34.1% | falling |
| 114 | Republic of Moldova | 3,531 kt | 2023 | up 6.5% | rising |
| 115 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 3,453 kt | 2023 | up 99.4% | volatile |
| 116 | Rwanda | 3,427 kt | 2023 | up 10.1% | rising |
| 117 | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | 3,416 kt | 2023 | up 197.8% | volatile |
| 118 | Georgia | 3,408 kt | 2023 | up 28.7% | rising |
| 119 | Cuba | 3,402 kt | 2023 | down 37.6% | flat |
| 120 | El Salvador | 3,251 kt | 2023 | up 14.0% | rising |
| 121 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3,211 kt | 2023 | up 8.8% | rising |
| 122 | Costa Rica | 3,095 kt | 2023 | up 1.4% | rising |
| 123 | Nicaragua | 3,069 kt | 2023 | up 12.9% | rising |
| 124 | Norway | 2,927 kt | 2023 | down 29.8% | rising |
| 125 | Zambia | 2,759 kt | 2023 | up 24.0% | rising |
| 126 | Mali | 2,715 kt | 2023 | up 49.1% | rising |
| 127 | Benin | 2,696 kt | 2023 | up 47.0% | rising |
| 128 | Paraguay | 2,681 kt | 2023 | up 6.7% | rising |
| 129 | Chad | 2,389 kt | 2023 | up 33.4% | rising |
| 130 | Jamaica | 2,370 kt | 2023 | up 26.2% | rising |
| 131 | Togo | 2,141 kt | 2023 | up 33.9% | rising |
| 132 | Serbia and Montenegro | 2,092 kt | 2005 | up 175.5% | volatile |
| 133 | Uruguay | 2,074 kt | 2023 | up 0.8% | rising |
| 134 | Somalia | 2,070 kt | 2023 | up 16.0% | rising |
| 135 | Belgium-Luxembourg | 2,058 kt | 1999 | down 6.7% | rising |
| 136 | South Sudan | 2,023 kt | 2023 | up 69.0% | rising |
| 137 | Tajikistan | 2,003 kt | 2023 | up 56.7% | rising |
| 138 | Guinea | 1,977 kt | 2023 | up 54.0% | rising |
| 139 | Malawi | 1,921 kt | 2023 | up 53.9% | rising |
| 140 | Melanesia | 1,862 kt | 2023 | up 36.2% | rising |
| 141 | Slovenia | 1,816 kt | 2023 | down 5.1% | rising |
| 142 | Burundi | 1,777 kt | 2023 | up 22.7% | rising |
| 143 | Kyrgyzstan | 1,702 kt | 2023 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 144 | Mauritius | 1,671 kt | 2023 | up 38.5% | volatile |
| 145 | Armenia | 1,663 kt | 2023 | up 9.3% | rising |
| 146 | North Macedonia | 1,638 kt | 2023 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 147 | Botswana | 1,471 kt | 2023 | down 2.8% | volatile |
| 148 | Estonia | 1,430 kt | 2023 | down 16.2% | flat |
| 149 | Albania | 1,422 kt | 2023 | up 8.5% | rising |
| 150 | Latvia | 1,245 kt | 2023 | down 10.8% | falling |
| 151 | Cyprus | 1,109 kt | 2023 | up 13.6% | rising |
| 152 | Brunei Darussalam | 1,080 kt | 2023 | up 18.7% | rising |
| 153 | Mauritania | 1,069 kt | 2023 | up 39.8% | rising |
| 154 | Central African Republic | 997.13 kt | 2023 | up 37.2% | rising |
| 155 | Papua New Guinea | 984.5 kt | 2023 | up 26.2% | rising |
| 156 | Sierra Leone | 895.32 kt | 2023 | up 16.8% | rising |
| 157 | Congo | 855.51 kt | 2023 | up 23.7% | rising |
| 158 | Eswatini | 811.39 kt | 2023 | up 40.3% | rising |
| 159 | Gabon | 755.6 kt | 2023 | up 45.6% | rising |
| 160 | Bahamas | 730.76 kt | 2023 | up 21.2% | rising |
| 161 | Luxembourg | 726.31 kt | 2023 | down 26.6% | falling |
| 162 | Liberia | 723.42 kt | 2023 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 163 | Namibia | 719.18 kt | 2023 | up 43.2% | rising |
| 164 | Montenegro | 692.25 kt | 2023 | up 40.3% | rising |
| 165 | Lesotho | 570.3 kt | 2023 | up 47.3% | rising |
| 166 | Guyana | 569.01 kt | 2023 | up 43.3% | rising |
| 167 | Malta | 565.44 kt | 2023 | down 1.0% | rising |
| 168 | Timor-Leste | 496.37 kt | 2023 | up 113.9% | volatile |
| 169 | Belize | 483.5 kt | 2023 | up 21.6% | rising |
| 170 | Equatorial Guinea | 442.94 kt | 2023 | up 50.4% | volatile |
| 171 | Barbados | 431.49 kt | 2023 | up 12.3% | rising |
| 172 | Iceland | 426.16 kt | 2023 | up 4.4% | flat |
| 173 | Guinea-Bissau | 410.12 kt | 2023 | up 27.3% | rising |
| 174 | Fiji | 394.65 kt | 2023 | up 57.8% | rising |
| 175 | Gambia | 381.98 kt | 2023 | up 43.8% | rising |
| 176 | Suriname | 376.74 kt | 2023 | up 19.4% | rising |
| 177 | China, Macao SAR | 347.5 kt | 2023 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 178 | Maldives | 307.91 kt | 2023 | up 87.0% | volatile |
| 179 | Djibouti | 301.19 kt | 2023 | up 49.1% | rising |
| 180 | Netherlands Antilles (former) | 280.96 kt | 2010 | up 33.1% | rising |
| 181 | Aruba | 268.55 kt | 2023 | up 7.8% | rising |
| 182 | Polynesia | 247.94 kt | 2023 | up 10.7% | rising |
| 183 | Bhutan | 231.04 kt | 2023 | up 43.4% | rising |
| 184 | Curaçao | 229.77 kt | 2023 | down 9.1% | rising |
| 185 | Saint Lucia | 228.23 kt | 2023 | up 6.8% | rising |
| 186 | Cabo Verde | 213 kt | 2023 | up 26.9% | rising |
| 187 | New Caledonia | 204.91 kt | 2023 | up 7.8% | rising |
| 188 | Eritrea | 202.71 kt | 2023 | up 15.9% | rising |
| 189 | Solomon Islands | 178.21 kt | 2023 | up 73.7% | volatile |
| 190 | United States Virgin Islands | 155.47 kt | 2023 | down 0.6% | volatile |
| 191 | Antigua and Barbuda | 126.7 kt | 2023 | up 2.0% | rising |
| 192 | Comoros | 124.26 kt | 2023 | up 32.0% | rising |
| 193 | Seychelles | 110.96 kt | 2023 | up 17.2% | rising |
| 194 | Cayman Islands | 110.4 kt | 2023 | up 28.2% | volatile |
| 195 | Vanuatu | 99.32 kt | 2023 | up 127.4% | volatile |
| 196 | American Samoa | 96.21 kt | 2023 | down 6.6% | falling |
| 197 | Grenada | 86.96 kt | 2023 | up 11.7% | rising |
| 198 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 84.61 kt | 2023 | down 3.0% | rising |
| 199 | Micronesia | 82.32 kt | 2023 | up 7.3% | rising |
| 200 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 82.28 kt | 2023 | up 10.2% | rising |
| 201 | Gibraltar | 78.28 kt | 2023 | up 62.4% | rising |
| 202 | French Polynesia | 70.3 kt | 2023 | up 13.6% | rising |
| 203 | Andorra | 67.51 kt | 2023 | up 0.3% | rising |
| 204 | Samoa | 51.96 kt | 2023 | up 51.6% | rising |
| 205 | Sao Tome and Principe | 50.41 kt | 2023 | up 48.3% | rising |
| 206 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 41.27 kt | 2023 | up 49.9% | volatile |
| 207 | Greenland | 41.05 kt | 2023 | up 7.1% | falling |
| 208 | Dominica | 40.22 kt | 2023 | down 1.4% | rising |
| 209 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 39.91 kt | 2023 | up 2.7% | rising |
| 210 | Faroe Islands | 33.02 kt | 2023 | down 1.8% | rising |
| 211 | Saint Martin (French Part) | 32.12 kt | 2023 | down 9.3% | falling |
| 212 | Channel Islands | 31.6 kt | 2023 | up 30.1% | rising |
| 213 | Bermuda | 30.17 kt | 2023 | down 3.6% | rising |
| 214 | Anguilla | 30.09 kt | 2023 | up 22.5% | rising |
| 215 | Tonga | 22.13 kt | 2023 | up 25.4% | rising |
| 216 | Palau | 20.29 kt | 2023 | down 1.5% | rising |
| 217 | Isle of Man | 19.97 kt | 2023 | down 23.7% | rising |
| 218 | Micronesia (Federated States of) | 18.08 kt | 2023 | up 7.3% | falling |
| 219 | Marshall Islands | 17.29 kt | 2023 | up 5.4% | rising |
| 220 | British Virgin Islands | 16.7 kt | 2023 | up 26.4% | rising |
| 221 | Jersey | 12.91 kt | 2023 | down 19.8% | rising |
| 222 | Kiribati | 12.42 kt | 2023 | up 25.5% | rising |
| 223 | San Marino | 11.92 kt | 2023 | up 7.3% | volatile |
| 224 | Liechtenstein | 10.02 kt | 2023 | down 11.9% | rising |
| 225 | Réunion | 9.98 kt | 2023 | down 0.2% | volatile |
| 226 | Monaco | 6.82 kt | 2023 | down 6.1% | rising |
| 227 | Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba | 6.23 kt | 2023 | up 4.1% | flat |
| 228 | Guam | 6.13 kt | 2023 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 229 | Guadeloupe | 5.02 kt | 2023 | down 7.3% | volatile |
| 230 | Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | 4.4 kt | 2023 | up 83.2% | rising |
| 231 | Nauru | 4.21 kt | 2023 | up 89.3% | volatile |
| 232 | Northern Mariana Islands | 3.89 kt | 2023 | down 16.1% | falling |
| 233 | Cook Islands | 3.85 kt | 2023 | down 2.4% | rising |
| 234 | Montserrat | 3.61 kt | 2023 | up 0.8% | rising |
| 235 | Saint Barthélemy | 3.55 kt | 2023 | up 17.4% | rising |
| 236 | Tuvalu | 1.67 kt | 2023 | up 14.0% | rising |
| 237 | Wallis and Futuna Islands | 1.09 kt | 2023 | down 3.1% | flat |
| 238 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 0.9574 kt | 2023 | down 9.8% | falling |
| 239 | Niue | 0.7161 kt | 2023 | up 24.7% | falling |
| 240 | Mayotte | 0.679 kt | 2023 | up 1.2% | volatile |
| 241 | Ascension, Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha | 0.5948 kt | 2023 | up 18.5% | rising |
| 242 | Martinique | 0.4375 kt | 2023 | down 49.9% | volatile |
| 243 | Holy See | 0.1607 kt | 2023 | up 31.9% | rising |
| 244 | Western Sahara | 0.096 kt | 2023 | down 60.7% | falling |
| 245 | French Guiana | 0.0749 kt | 2023 | down 43.4% | volatile |
| 246 | Tokelau | 0.0216 kt | 2023 | down 78.0% | volatile |
| 247 | Norfolk Island | 0.0208 kt | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 248 | Pitcairn | 0 kt | 2004 | down 100.0% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- World 5.30 million kt
- Chagai 31.6 kt
- Non-Annex I countries 3.61 million kt
- Asia 2.86 million kt
- Annex I countries 1.63 million kt
- Eastern Asia 1.55 million kt
- Americas 1.11 million kt
- Europe 799,387 kt
- Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs) 676,927 kt
- Northern America 586,141 kt
- Southern Asia 541,046 kt
- United States of America 512,768 kt
- Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs) 473,997 kt
- European Union (27) 444,254 kt
- South-eastern Asia 436,728 kt
- Africa 405,738 kt
- Eastern Europe 394,392 kt
- South America 344,314 kt
- Western Asia 283,670 kt
- Latin America and the Caribbean 279,102 kt
- Least Developed Countries (LDCs) 204,180 kt
- Western Europe 186,369 kt
- Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs) 162,991 kt
- Northern Africa 159,984 kt
- Southern Europe 144,436 kt
- Central America 132,276 kt
- Sub-Saharan Africa 100,021 kt
- Western Africa 90,691 kt
- Eastern Africa 84,691 kt
- Northern Europe 74,190 kt
- Small Island Developing States (SIDS) 67,898 kt
- Oceania 64,547 kt
- Central Asia 56,552 kt
- Southern Africa 43,337 kt
- Middle Africa 27,035 kt
About this data
The FAOSTAT domain Emissions from Pre- and Post-Agricultural Production provides estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and related activity data associated with pre- and post-production stages of agrifood systems. The domain includes methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), fluorinated gases (F-gases) and their aggregates expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq). Estimates are computed following Tier 1 methods of the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 1996; 1997; 2000; 2002; 2006; 2014) and are disseminated annually.