Share of CO₂ emissions embedded in trade by country
Annual net carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions embedded in trade, measured as a percentage of emissions of CO₂.
Countries reporting
117
Highest
337.4%
Hong Kong
Lowest
-43.1%
Bahrain
Median
21.8%
Years covered
34
1990–2023
Data points
4,063
What the numbers show
Share of CO₂ emissions embedded in trade is currently reported for 117 countries. The highest value is 337.4% in Hong Kong; the lowest is -43.1% in Bahrain.
The median across all reporting countries is 21.8%, and the mean is 35.0%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 8.
Over the past decade 59 countries rose and 58 fell. The largest increase was in Rwanda (up 16,262.1%), and the largest decrease in Mongolia (down 3,836.0%).
Share of CO₂ emissions embedded in trade: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Hong Kong | 337.4% | 2023 | up 38.6% | rising |
| 3 | Switzerland | 270.0% | 2023 | up 6.1% | rising |
| 4 | Singapore | 266.0% | 2023 | down 35.8% | volatile |
| 5 | Togo | 223.7% | 2023 | up 926.3% | volatile |
| 6 | Namibia | 180.2% | 2023 | down 16.4% | volatile |
| 7 | Nepal | 157.7% | 2023 | up 1,256.3% | volatile |
| 8 | Sri Lanka | 142.3% | 2023 | up 3.7% | volatile |
| 9 | Belgium | 132.1% | 2023 | up 30.7% | volatile |
| 10 | Latvia | 102.8% | 2023 | up 41.1% | rising |
| 11 | Botswana | 100.2% | 2023 | down 15.0% | volatile |
| 12 | Cambodia | 82.4% | 2023 | down 70.1% | volatile |
| 13 | Malawi | 74.5% | 2023 | up 319.4% | volatile |
| 14 | Rwanda | 74.5% | 2023 | up 16,262.1% | volatile |
| 15 | Costa Rica | 73.4% | 2023 | down 1.9% | rising |
| 16 | Mauritius | 72.5% | 2023 | up 43.0% | rising |
| 17 | Kyrgyzstan | 72.2% | 2023 | down 4.5% | volatile |
| 18 | Paraguay | 71.7% | 2023 | down 21.0% | rising |
| 19 | Denmark | 71.6% | 2023 | up 100.1% | volatile |
| 20 | Sweden | 68.1% | 2023 | up 12.1% | falling |
| 21 | Guinea | 65.1% | 2023 | up 491.0% | volatile |
| 22 | Kenya | 65.1% | 2023 | down 38.4% | volatile |
| 23 | Slovenia | 64.3% | 2023 | up 260.3% | rising |
| 24 | Lithuania | 64.0% | 2023 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 25 | Bangladesh | 60.6% | 2023 | up 6,019.7% | volatile |
| 26 | Israel | 59.5% | 2023 | up 74.9% | rising |
| 27 | Mozambique | 58.7% | 2023 | down 81.7% | volatile |
| 28 | United Kingdom | 58.2% | 2023 | up 89.0% | rising |
| 29 | France | 50.7% | 2023 | up 48.0% | rising |
| 30 | Panama | 50.1% | 2023 | up 166.8% | volatile |
| 31 | Finland | 49.3% | 2023 | up 61.8% | falling |
| 32 | Madagascar | 44.4% | 2023 | down 24.6% | volatile |
| 33 | Estonia | 43.9% | 2023 | up 538.2% | volatile |
| 34 | Benin | 42.3% | 2023 | down 58.0% | falling |
| 35 | Uruguay | 41.4% | 2023 | down 24.6% | rising |
| 36 | Uganda | 41.1% | 2023 | down 22.9% | falling |
| 37 | Hungary | 40.6% | 2023 | up 10.5% | rising |
| 38 | Jordan | 37.6% | 2023 | down 32.7% | rising |
| 39 | Italy | 37.4% | 2023 | up 15.8% | rising |
| 40 | Senegal | 35.2% | 2023 | down 9.6% | rising |
| 41 | Austria | 34.4% | 2023 | down 0.5% | falling |
| 42 | Ethiopia | 32.3% | 2023 | up 297.3% | volatile |
| 43 | Nicaragua | 32.1% | 2023 | down 9.0% | rising |
| 44 | Philippines | 31.4% | 2023 | down 15.5% | rising |
| 45 | New Zealand | 31.2% | 2023 | up 102.6% | volatile |
| 46 | Ghana | 31.0% | 2023 | down 57.0% | rising |
| 47 | El Salvador | 29.8% | 2023 | down 28.1% | rising |
| 48 | Germany | 29.4% | 2023 | up 150.2% | flat |
| 49 | Greece | 29.2% | 2023 | up 953.9% | volatile |
| 50 | Guatemala | 28.9% | 2023 | up 272.5% | volatile |
| 51 | Georgia | 28.9% | 2023 | down 16.5% | volatile |
| 52 | Croatia | 28.4% | 2023 | down 7.9% | volatile |
| 53 | Netherlands | 28.3% | 2023 | up 245.8% | volatile |
| 54 | Cote d'Ivoire | 27.1% | 2023 | up 28.6% | volatile |
| 55 | Dominican Republic | 27.1% | 2023 | down 77.9% | volatile |
| 56 | Tanzania | 27.0% | 2023 | down 64.2% | falling |
| 57 | Tajikistan | 26.9% | 2023 | down 90.3% | volatile |
| 58 | Portugal | 26.1% | 2023 | up 348.3% | volatile |
| 59 | Mexico | 23.3% | 2023 | up 22.5% | volatile |
| 60 | Albania | 21.8% | 2023 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 62 | Spain | 21.0% | 2023 | down 10.5% | rising |
| 63 | South Korea | 20.3% | 2023 | up 266.5% | volatile |
| 64 | Czechia | 20.2% | 2023 | up 527.9% | volatile |
| 65 | Cyprus | 20.0% | 2023 | up 25.6% | volatile |
| 66 | Peru | 19.4% | 2023 | down 48.6% | rising |
| 67 | Ukraine | 19.4% | 2023 | up 225.9% | volatile |
| 68 | United Arab Emirates | 17.9% | 2023 | down 13.7% | volatile |
| 69 | Pakistan | 17.8% | 2023 | up 53.4% | volatile |
| 70 | Colombia | 16.1% | 2023 | down 22.6% | volatile |
| 71 | Japan | 15.7% | 2023 | up 17.9% | falling |
| 72 | Thailand | 15.4% | 2023 | up 29.3% | volatile |
| 73 | Romania | 15.3% | 2023 | up 953.3% | volatile |
| 74 | Zimbabwe | 14.0% | 2023 | up 305.0% | volatile |
| 75 | Slovakia | 13.9% | 2023 | up 13.7% | volatile |
| 76 | Chile | 13.6% | 2023 | up 1.7% | volatile |
| 77 | Belarus | 12.2% | 2023 | up 47.1% | volatile |
| 78 | United States | 10.4% | 2023 | up 247.7% | volatile |
| 79 | Taiwan | 10.4% | 2023 | up 131.6% | volatile |
| 80 | Ecuador | 9.6% | 2023 | down 14.4% | volatile |
| 81 | Zambia | 7.4% | 2023 | down 92.4% | volatile |
| 83 | Cameroon | 7.1% | 2023 | down 70.1% | volatile |
| 84 | Oman | 4.4% | 2023 | down 50.9% | volatile |
| 85 | Bolivia | 4.1% | 2023 | up 11.1% | volatile |
| 86 | Argentina | 4.1% | 2023 | down 45.8% | volatile |
| 87 | Malaysia | 3.7% | 2023 | down 4.6% | volatile |
| 88 | Jamaica | 3.3% | 2023 | up 112.3% | volatile |
| 89 | Armenia | 3.3% | 2023 | down 48.2% | volatile |
| 90 | Nigeria | 3.0% | 2023 | down 76.2% | volatile |
| 91 | Bulgaria | 2.3% | 2023 | up 119.8% | volatile |
| 92 | Morocco | 1.4% | 2023 | down 85.0% | volatile |
| 93 | Egypt | 1.3% | 2023 | down 47.3% | volatile |
| 94 | Norway | 0.3% | 2023 | down 98.7% | volatile |
| 95 | Kuwait | -0.7% | 2023 | up 45.7% | volatile |
| 96 | Turkey | -0.8% | 2023 | down 105.2% | volatile |
| 97 | Brazil | -2.9% | 2023 | down 124.0% | volatile |
| 98 | Australia | -3.2% | 2023 | down 8.2% | volatile |
| 99 | Poland | -3.3% | 2023 | up 39.5% | volatile |
| 100 | Saudi Arabia | -3.4% | 2023 | down 52.3% | volatile |
| 101 | Azerbaijan | -4.5% | 2023 | down 176.1% | volatile |
| 102 | Indonesia | -4.5% | 2023 | down 237.6% | volatile |
| 103 | Canada | -4.7% | 2023 | down 155.5% | volatile |
| 104 | Tunisia | -4.9% | 2023 | up 81.8% | volatile |
| 105 | Burkina Faso | -8.0% | 2023 | down 165.7% | volatile |
| 106 | China | -10.8% | 2023 | up 18.3% | falling |
| 107 | Iran | -15.3% | 2023 | up 24.6% | falling |
| 108 | Honduras | -15.7% | 2023 | down 117.2% | volatile |
| 109 | Venezuela | -15.9% | 2023 | up 46.7% | volatile |
| 110 | India | -17.0% | 2023 | up 5.3% | volatile |
| 111 | Mongolia | -17.2% | 2023 | down 3,836.0% | volatile |
| 112 | Russia | -18.9% | 2023 | down 21.3% | rising |
| 113 | South Africa | -25.5% | 2023 | down 17.1% | volatile |
| 114 | Kazakhstan | -25.7% | 2023 | down 23.3% | rising |
| 115 | Vietnam | -28.7% | 2023 | down 47.9% | volatile |
| 116 | Brunei | -29.0% | 2023 | down 420.3% | volatile |
| 117 | Qatar | -31.2% | 2023 | up 20.5% | falling |
| 118 | Trinidad and Tobago | -37.1% | 2023 | up 45.9% | falling |
| 119 | Laos | -38.6% | 2023 | down 137.0% | volatile |
| 120 | Bahrain | -43.1% | 2023 | down 13.1% | falling |
About this data
Annual net carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions embedded in trade, measured as a percentage of emissions of CO₂.